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	County Town: Caerphilly County Population: 172,000 (estimate)
	With an area of 279 sq km (108 sq miles) Caerphilly was once part of the much larger historic county of Glamorganshire. Low-lying in the south, there are hills around the town of Caerphilly, and the land rises in the north, attaining heights of over 500 m (1,635 feet).
	First settled in prehistoric times, Glamorganshire was later occupied by the Romans, then invaded by the Normans in the 11th century, when many castles were built throughout South Wales. With the exploitation of the South Wales coalfield in the 19th century the county greatly prospered, and the town of Caerphilly went from being a small market town to a major producer of railway rolling stock.
	Following the decline in coal mining, the county now largely supports agriculture and light industry. Of interest in the area are the 13th century castle in Caerphilly, the largest in Wales, Llancaiach Fawr, a Tudor manor house near Nelson, the forest drive at Cwmcarn, and the interesting country parks of Sirhowy, Bryn Bach, and Cwm Darran.
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