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County Town: Livingston
County Population: 150,000 (estimate)
West Lothian is bordered on the north by the Firth of Forth, on the east by Midlothian and to the west by Stirlingshire. The county is low-lying, nowhere rising above 152 m (500 feet); the highest ground is in the south and southwest. The coastline on the Firth of Forth is very narrow.
West Lothian is underlain by oil shales in the east and coal in the west, and it was the exploitation of these minerals in the 18th century that underpinned the economy and attracted large numbers of immigrants, especially from Ireland and England. The mining industry reached its peak in the late 19th to early 20th centuries.
Following the decline of the coal industry agriculture began to develop again, but since the early 1980s investment by international firms has lead to the growth of small-scale industries and high-tech companies. The region has now become the fastest-growing in Scotland, and one of the fastest-growing in the United Kingdom, aided by its location between the cities of Glasgow and Edinburgh, at the heart of Scotland's transport network.
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