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County Population: 525,000 (estimate)
With the exception of the volcanic hills and crags on which Edinburgh
lies, the area along the coast of Midlothian is mainly low-lying and undulating.
Inland the Pentland Hills run down the western border of the county, and
the Moorfoot Hills across the south of the region.
Castle
Rock in Edinburgh was occupied during the Bronze Age in about 1000 BC,
and Picts later settled there. Prior to the development of a border between
England and Scotland the ancient Kingdom of Northumbria incorporated much
of present day Midlothian. The King of Northumbria, Edwin, built the first
fortress on Castle Rock, leading to the town that developed around it
being called 'Edwin's Burgh'. Much fought over by the English and Scots,
it was finally taken by the Scots in 1341. During the 12th century coal
mining began in the county, and by the end of the 18th century coal was
the mainstay of the economy. As mining subsided new industries moved into
the area, and the town of Dalkeith has developed into an important centre
of electronics manufacture, located in Scotland's 'Silicon Glen'.
The
vast majority of Midlothian is rural with agriculture occupying much of
the land outside of the confines of Edinburgh. Walkers, hikers and birdwatchers
frequent the hills that surround the capital, but the main tourist attraction
in Midlothian is Edinburgh itself. The administrative, cultural, educational,
and service-industry hub of Scotland, the city's heritage and architectural
variety make it the second most visited city outside London, with over
2 million visitors per year.
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