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| County
Town: Downpatrick County Population: 455,000 (estimate) |
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County
Down has a land area of 2,448 sq km (945 sq miles), but the massive Strangford
Lough cuts into the county from Ballyquitin Point, near Portaferry, all
the way to Newtownards, some 30km (19 miles) to the north. Nearly all
the county is low-lying and undulating, with a rich mixture of rural life,
seaside resorts, and a dormitory area for Belfast. In the south the Mourne
Mountains rise to a height of 852 m (2,796 feet) and are largely covered
in moorland, to the north the land is more fertile and is used for dairying
and market gardening.
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Initially
settled by prehistoric tribes then European Celts, Ireland never became
part of the Roman Empire. In the 5th century St Patrick began converting
the inhabitants to Christianity, and his cause was continued in the 6th
century when many monasteries were founded. During the 8th and 10th centuries
Vikings invaded the area, and by the 13th century various Anglo-Norman
explorers had firmly established themselves there. Begun by the English
King James I in 1607, the Ulster Plantation saw many English and Scottish
people settle in County Down.
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Agriculture
and cattle farming are the traditional industries, with tourism playing
an important role. There are many seaside resorts to choose from in the
region, and the coast features a rich array of birdlife and some excellent
fishing spots. Inland there are many forests and pleasant market towns,
in particular Downpatrick, where St Patrick died at nearby Saul Abbey.
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