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| County
Town: Belfast County Population: 563,000 (estimate) |
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County
Antrim has a land area of 2,831 sq km (1,093 miles), and the UK's largest
lake, Lough Neagh, cuts extensively into its southwest corner. Much of
the county lies on a plateau, but there are also high rolling moorlands
that reach a height of 554 m (1,817 feet) at Trostan, wooded glens, limestone
caves and steep coastal cliffs up to 150-180 m (500-600 ft) high.
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Initially
settled by prehistoric tribes then European Celts, Ireland never became
part of the Roman Empire. In the 5th century St Patrick began converting
the inhabitants to Christianity, and his cause was continued in the 6th
century when many monasteries were founded. During the 8th and 10th centuries
Vikings invaded the area, and in 1177 John de Courcy founded Belfast with
the construction of a Norman castle. By the 13th century various Anglo-Norman
explorers had firmly established themselves in Ireland, and later the
Ulster Plantation saw many Scottish people settle in County Antrim.
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A
scenic agricultural region with a varied and dramatic coastline, the beautiful
Glens of Antrim are much visited by tourists, but County Antrim is best
known for the Giant's Causeway. According to legend, the basalt columns
of the Giant's Causeway are ancient stepping-stones giants used to cross
the channel between Ireland and Scotland, which only lies 20 km (12 miles)
to the northeast.
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