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| County
Town: Metropolitan District County Population: 1,400,000 (estimate) |
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South
Yorkshire has a varied landscape with the Pennine Hills in the west, an
undulating central area, and lowlands in the east. Although agriculture
is an important part of the economy, with sheep farming on the Pennine
Hills, and dairy and arable farming on the lowlands, the area is mainly
industrial. The River Don rises in the Pennine Hills and flows across
the South Yorkshire coalfield to Sheffield then northeastwards to Doncaster.
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Water
power provided by rivers, and the local availability of iron ore, wood
and coal, were primary reasons for the regions initial growth. Since early
times the county's landscape and geological assets have provided it with
profitable industries, and Sheffield was known as early as the 14th century
for the production of metal objects such as knives and swords. The Industrial
Revolution of the 18th century saw woollen mills springing up in the Aire
and Calder Valleys, and Sheffield began to produce massive amounts of
steel from the local ironstone.
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Today
a mixture of farming and heavy industry support the county economy, and
although the mining of the coalfields of South Yorkshire has been reduced,
many working coalmines can still be seen. The university and cathedral
city of Sheffield remains a major producer of steel goods, and is home
to many fine old buildings, museums and the largest artificial ski-slope
resort in Europe.
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