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| County
Town: Exeter County Population: 1,060,000 (estimate) |
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Devon
is set between the English and Bristol Channels with Dartmoor National
Park to the southwest and Exmoor National Park in the far north. The county
is crossed by several rivers, notably the Tamar, which rises on Dartmoor
and forms most of the boundary with Cornwall, before flowing into the
English Channel. The Exe, which rises on Exmoor and flows southwards into
its estuary at Exeter, later joins the English Channel at Exmouth.
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Exeter
was the only major Roman fortress in Devon, with the native Celtic population
occupying most of the land until the Saxons arrived in the 7th century.
The Normans entered Exeter in 1068, and the south coast suffered frequent
raids by the French during the 14th century.
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Wool
made Devon one of the richest counties of England in the late Middle Ages,
but ore mining (tin, silver, copper, and iron) became the leading source
of wealth until the end of the 19th century. Exeter, Plymouth and Devonport
developed as major naval ports in the late 17th century, and although
Exeter is the principal administrative city of Devon, Plymouth serves
as the main county port.
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