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| County
Town: Winchester County Population: 1,620,000 (estimate) |
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Hampshire
is an important agricultural region split in two by the Hampshire Downs,
a broad belt of chalkland running from west to east through the county.
To the north and south of the chalkland, heath and woodland are dominant,
with bogs and salt marshes interspersing the drier regions in the south.
Rolling grassy downland, gentle river valleys and trout streams punctuate
Hampshire, and the New Forest National Park (NP), a royal hunting ground
since 1079, occupies some 36,000 hectares (90,000 acres) to the south
west of the county.
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During
the Roman occupation, the towns of Southampton and Winchester flourished,
with the latter of the two becoming the capital of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom
of Wessex, remaining of equal importance to London until the 14th century.
Southampton developed in the Middle Ages, exporting wool and importing
wine, and is now a major passenger and container port.
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Hampshire
has long been home to the armed forces, Henry VII established the Royal
Naval dockyard at Portsmouth in 1496, there is an historic base belonging
to the British Army in Aldershot, and the Royal Aircraft Establishment
is located at Farnborough.
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