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County Population: 1,040,000 (estimate)
Nottinghamshire
lies on the eastern slope of the Pennine Hills, with low-lying areas to
the far north. The centre of the county is covered by forest and heath
that includes the famous Sherwood Forest, which formerly covered an area
32 km (20 miles) long and 8 to 14 km (5 to 9 miles) wide. Nottinghamshire
has few upland areas, and the River Trent flows through the county from
the southwest, through Nottingham, to the northeast, where it forms a
border with Lincolnshire.
The
Angles settled parts of Nottinghamshire during the 5th century, but it
was not until after the Treaty of Wedmore in 878, that Nottingham became
the chief of the Five Boroughs of Danelaw (Nottingham, Derby, Leicester,
Lincoln, and Stamford). After the Norman Conquest, William I built a castle
at Nottingham which grew in size and importance over the following six
centuries. It became an important possession of the Crown when Henry II
seized it, and during the Wars of the Roses Edward IV used the castle
as a garrison. Richard III later made his headquarters there before the
Battle of Bosworth Field, where he was killed, losing the crown to Henry
Tudor. In 1642, Charles I gathered his army at Nottingham, and raised
his standard at the castle to start the English Civil War. Later in the
Civil War, the Parliamentarians garrisoned the castle, before Oliver Cromwell
ordered its destruction. A new castle was built on the site in 1674.
Mainly
an agricultural county, Nottinghamshire's economy is supported by dairy
farming and cereal production, and certain parts of the area are renowned
for Stilton cheese and lace making, Nottingham itself being a fashion
centre. During the Industrial Revolution Nottinghamshire became a leading
source of coal. Although the coal mines have drastically reduced in number
it remains a significant coal-producing area of England.
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