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County Population: 800,000 (estimate)
Norfolk
is known for its rich farmland and the beauty of the Norfolk Broads (NB),
numerous shallow freshwater lagoons and more than 320 km (200 miles) of
waterways that take up a large area of the county to the east of the cathedral
city of Norwich. Created from flooded peat workings about 600 years ago,
the Broads feature many types of wildlife, woodland, nature reserves and
bird sanctuaries, and as a result are a major tourist attraction. The
North Norfolk Heritage Coast is an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty,
with the River Ouse draining the northwestern region of Norfolk into The
Wash, an inlet of the North Sea.
Evidence
has been found of Palaeolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic settlement,
and flint has been mined for over 4,000 years at Grime's Graves, in Breckland.
In the 3rd century BC the Iceni tribe, ruled by Queen Boadicea, settled
in the region and their chief town became the Roman Venta Icenorum. Under
Anglo-Saxon rule, the region became part of the Kingdom of East Anglia,
with Thetford as its capital. East Anglia was raided by the Danes on numerous
occasions and eventually became part of the Danelaw. By the 11th century
Norfolk was one of the wealthiest and most populated areas of England,
and the county prospered through the wool trade in the Middle Ages, with
Flemish immigrants aiding the trade in the 12th century with the introduction
of the craft of weaving.
Today
the beautiful Norfolk Broads are the main tourist attraction, but the
area has many seaside resorts with fine sandy beaches and safe bathing,
and there are numerous picturesque villages and windmills to be seen inland.
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