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| County
Town: Hertford County Population: 1,015,000 (estimate) |
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Hertfordshire
lies in the wooded lower basin of the River Thames with the chalky outcrops
of the Chiltern Hills in the northwest and Greater London in the south.
Generally the county is well endowed with woodland, with beech on the
Chilterns and oak and hornbeam on the heavier clay areas.
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First
occupied by Belgic settlers (German and Celtic peoples) in the 1st century
BC, the banks of the River Ver were chosen by the Romans for their important
settlement, Verulamium, in 54 AD. Destroyed by Queen Boudicca in 60 AD,
the town was rebuilt and remained very much unchanged until the 8th century,
when King Offa of Mercia founded a Benedictine abbey on a hill on the
opposite bank of the river, where St Alban is said to have been martyred
in 309. The town that developed around the abbey is now St Albans, where
the first reading to the English barons of the Magna Carta took place
in 1215.
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Due to its close proximity to London, the once rural county is now more
urbanised, with St Albans acting as a dormitory suburb to London. Despite
recent development many old market towns and villages have survived, some
boasting fine brick-and-timber houses and cottages. The county also has
some splendid country mansions set in extensive parklands, dating from
the 18th century.
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