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	County Town: Aylesbury County Population: 670,000 (estimate)
	Buckinghamshire is a rural wooded county crossed by the Chiltern Hills and the fertile Vale of Aylesbury. South of the Chilterns the land slopes gently down towards the River Thames.
	The area was first settled by Neolithic people, and under later Anglo Saxon rule it was incorporated into the Kingdom of Mercia. Buckingham became the principal town after the Norman Conquest of 1066, and Aylesbury served as the area's ecclesiastical centre, with monastic foundations at Notley and Medmenham. The Civil war of 1642 was caused by an attempt to imprison John Hampden (leader of the opposition to Charles I) for refusing to pay the Ship Money tax to Charles I. The county remained staunchly Parliamentarian throughout the Civil War.
	The Ministry of Defence site, Bletchley Park, played a vital role in the breaking of Germany's Enigma code during World War II. The world's first working computer, known as Colossus, was built there as part of the Enigma operation.
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